India is among the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Public communication, scientific expertise and stronger legislation will be the key factors in India’s adaptation efforts.
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Prime Minister Modi’s announcement about India’s pledges at COP26 give us a possible hint of the future. Navroz K. Dubash writes about the net zero pledge, revised targets and their implications on India’s development.
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How can states be enabled to transition toward climate-resilient and low-carbon societies? How can they be empowered to experiment and learn from each other? Which mechanisms will enable slow-moving states to catch up with those taking climate consequences more seriously?
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In addition to targets and policies, India needs to deepen and enhance systems of governance for the climate crisis, which include dedicated organisations, policy frameworks, capacities, and financing mechanisms. In a new policy brief, we lay out an institutional architecture capable of crafting such low-carbon development pathways.
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In India, a focus on development pathways requires three steps: sectoral transition plans for key areas of the economy; strong institutions for climate governance; and economy-wide targets that emphasise near-term actions.
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There is a real risk net-zero by 2050 will be a hollow pledge that will only serve diplomatic needs, but do little to actually shift India’s emissions future. Instead, India needs a path that shows how a focus on opportunities for low-carbon development is more likely, in practice, to deliver emissions reductions than abstract future 2050 pledges.
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Kathryn Hochstetler’s new book Political Economies of Energy Transition: Wind and Solar Power in Brazil and South Africa pries open the hidden political world of the transition.
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States making net zero commitments throws open the possibility of new institutions that quickly funnel economies into low-carbon trajectories. So could these carbon regulators become the central banks of the future?
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We should be careful not to drag ourselves through one crisis only to emerge into another longer, less predictable, and unstoppable one.
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To tackle climate change, not only does India need to pivot into a low-carbon future, it also needs to step up as a leader of climate-vulnerable countries.
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